Pun Design:

Five + Bat + auspicious character of ‘Longevity 寿 or 壽’

Punning Details：

– ‘蝠 fu’, the Chinese name for bats, puns on ‘福 fu’, meaning ‘good fortune’.

– ‘wu fu 五蝠 five bats’, is homophonous with ‘wu fu 五福 five blessings’. More than two millennia ago, the Chinese had their ideals in life summarised as ‘五福 wu fu’, the Five Blessings, and recorded them in the Book of Documents (书经 Shujing) in the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BCE). They are ‘longevity 寿 shou’, ‘wealth 富 fu’, ‘wellbeing and peace 康宁 kang ning’, ‘love of virtue 攸好德 you hao de’, and ‘natural death 考终命 kao zhong ming’.

– The motif combination of five bats surrounding a Chinese character 壽, meaning ‘longevity’, in the centre expresses an auspicious wish on one’s birthday.

– Sometimes the image of peaches is used instead of the character ‘寿 or 壽 longevity’. Peach has a nickname ‘shou tao 寿桃 longevity peaches’, which, in Chinese culture, is symbolic for ‘long life’ or ‘shou 寿 longevity’.

• Fig 1: doucai gourd-shaped vase, Yongzheng period (1723–35), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Museum of China, Beijing

  Fig 2: porcelain dish with underglaze blue decoration, Yongzheng period (1723–35), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the Sotheby’s Auction House, New York, 19 March 2014, Lot 466

  Fig 3: glass bottle with enamelled decoration, Qianlong period (1736–95), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

  Fig 4: porcelain dish, Qianlong period (1736–95), Qing dynasty, courtesy of Nanjing Museum, China

  Fig 5: famille rose porcelain dish, Qianlong period (1736–95), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the Christie’s Auction House, London, 11 May 2015, Lot 31

  Fig 6: porcelain dish with overglaze enamelled decoration, Jiaqing period (1796–1820), Qing dynasty, courtesy of Princessehof Ceramics Museum, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, Object number: NO 05399

  Fig 7: porcelain dish with overglaze enamel decoration, Daoguang period (1821–50), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the Palace Museum, Beijing

  Fig 8: porcelain bowl with overglaze enamel decoration, Guangxu period (1875–1908), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the Art Gallery of NSW, Sydney, Australia

  Fig 9: gilded lacquer bowl, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), courtesy of Sichuan Museum, China